# Service Accounts

Service accounts are specialized user accounts designed for automation, API integrations, and programmatic access to Sourcegraph, as opposed to using access tokens from regular users. Unlike regular user accounts, service accounts don't require an email address or password, cannot access the Sourcegraph UI, don't count towards a license's user limit and won't be part of any billing cycles.

## Creating Service Accounts

Service accounts are created like regular user accounts, but with a few key differences.

-   Go to **Site admin** → **Users & auth** → **Users**
-   Click **Create User**
-   Enter a descriptive **Username** (e.g., `ci-bot-scip-uploads`, `api-search-jobs`)
-   Check the **Service account** checkbox
-   Click **Create service account**

![create-service-account](https://storage.googleapis.com/sourcegraph-assets/Docs/create-service-accounts-0625.png)

You'll be presented with some next steps you might want to take, like creating an access token, managing and assigning roles, and managing repository permissions.

-   Service accounts are automatically assigned the "Service Account" system role
-   They appear in the user list with "Service account" type designation
-   By default, service accounts can only access public and unrestricted repositories

![next-steps-service-account](https://storage.googleapis.com/sourcegraph-assets/Docs/service-accounts-next-steps-0625.png)

## Managing Access Tokens

Service accounts can authenticate using either traditional access tokens or M2M (machine-to-machine) OAuth credentials.

### Traditional Access Tokens

For detailed information about creating, managing, and using traditional access tokens, see:

-   [Creating an access token](/cli/how-tos/creating-an-access-token)
-   [Managing access tokens](/cli/how-tos/managing-access-tokens)
-   [Revoking an access token](/cli/how-tos/revoking-an-access-token)

### M2M OAuth Credentials (Client Credentials Flow)

M2M credentials provide short-lived tokens via the OAuth client credentials flow expiring after 1 hour.

**Creating M2M credentials:**

1. Navigate to the service account's user settings
2. Go to **Access tokens** → **M2M credentials**
3. Click **Create M2M credential**
4. Provide a descriptive **Name** and optional **Description**
5. Select scopes
6. Click **Create** to generate client credentials (client ID and secret)

**Important:** Store the client secret securely - it won't be displayed again after creation.

**Using M2M credentials:**

```bash
# Get an access token using client credentials
curl -X POST https://sourcegraph.example.com/.auth/idp/oauth/token \
  -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
  -d "grant_type=client_credentials" \
  -d "client_id=YOUR_CLIENT_ID" \
  -d "client_secret=YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET" \
  -d "scope=user:all"

# Use the returned access_token for API calls
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN" \
     https://sourcegraph.example.com/.api/graphql
```

See [OAuth Apps → Client Credentials Flow](/admin/oauth-apps#oauth-flow-examples) for more details on the client credentials flow.

Both authentication methods can be used to access Sourcegraph's [GraphQL API](/api/graphql) and [Stream API](/api/stream-api).

## Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Service accounts integrate with Sourcegraph's [role-based access control](/admin/access-control) to provide fine-grained permission control.

### System Roles

Service accounts are automatically assigned the **Service Account** system role, which provides basic API access permissions and standard search capabilities. The **Service Account** system role is applied to all service accounts and can be used to provide service accounts with a default set of permissions. For more specialized service accounts, it is recommended to create custom roles and assign them to service accounts as needed.

### Managing Roles

Administrators can assign additional roles to service accounts through the user management interface. For detailed information on managing roles and permissions, see:

-   [Managing roles and permissions](/admin/access-control#managing-roles-and-permissions)
-   [Managing user roles](/admin/access-control#managing-user-roles)
-   [Creating custom roles](/admin/access-control#creating-a-new-role-and-assigning-it-permissions)

![service-account-roles](https://storage.googleapis.com/sourcegraph-assets/Docs/service-accounts-manage-roles-0625.png)

## Repository Permissions

Service accounts respect repository permissions and access controls. For comprehensive information about repository permissions, see the [Repository permissions](/admin/permissions) documentation.

Service accounts by default can only access public and unrestricted repositories in Sourcegraph. You may explicitly grant fine-grained access to private repositories from the service account's user settings page, under the **Repo permissions** tab, or via [the GraphQL API](/admin/permissions/api#explicit-permissions-api). In the **Repo permissions** tab, you can also grant service accounts access to all current and future repositories on Sourcegraph, regardless of their visibility, which is useful for service accounts that need to do things like perform search jobs, but admins should take care to ensure that the access tokens for these accounts are not shared with unauthorized users.

![service-account-repo-permissions](https://storage.googleapis.com/sourcegraph-assets/Docs/service-accounts-repo-permissions-0625.png)